Columna Opinión Económica y Financiera.
«RESCATE AUTOMOTRIZ Y PARTICIPACIÓN DE TAMAULIPAS»
Dr. Jorge A. Lera Mejía.
En el primer semestre de 2025, México alcanzó un récord histórico en exportaciones automotrices, superando los 1.8 millones de vehículos enviados al extranjero, lo que representó un incremento de más del 12% respecto al mismo periodo del año anterior. Este crecimiento estuvo impulsado por la recuperación de la producción tras la pandemia, inversiones en tecnologías limpias y la diversificación de mercados, incluyendo Europa y América Latina, además de Estados Unidos.
Sin embargo, este avance no ha sido uniforme a lo largo del año. Por ejemplo, de enero a mayo de 2025, las exportaciones de vehículos al extranjero cayeron un 6.3% respecto al mismo periodo de 2024, debido principalmente a la imposición de nuevos aranceles por parte de Estados Unidos y la consecuente guerra comercial, lo que afectó especialmente al sector automotriz mexicano, que tradicionalmente destina cerca del 80% de su producción al mercado estadounidense. En abril de 2025, las exportaciones automotrices mexicanas embarcadas a Estados Unidos cayeron a una tasa interanual de 3.9%, mientras que las dirigidas a otros mercados descendieron 10.2%.
A pesar de estos retos, el valor total de las exportaciones automotrices de México aumentó de 44,909.9 millones de dólares en 2018 a 58,924.7 millones en 2025 (enero-abril), aunque la dependencia del mercado estadounidense se incrementó, pasando del 80.1% en 2018 al 87% en 2025.
Expertos consideran que, si se mantienen las condiciones favorables, México podría posicionarse como el cuarto mayor exportador mundial de vehículos hacia 2030.
Tamaulipas es un pilar estratégico para la industria automotriz mexicana, destacando especialmente por la concentración de maquiladoras de autopartes en la frontera, principalmente en Matamoros y Reynosa. Estas ciudades no solo albergan una gran cantidad de plantas manufactureras, sino que también juegan un papel fundamental en la cadena de suministro que abastece tanto al mercado nacional como internacional.
Tamaulipas cuenta con 192 empresas del sector automotriz, generando más de 100,000 empleos directos. Las principales compañías se localizan en Matamoros, Reynosa y Nuevo Laredo, y fabrican componentes clave como tableros, volantes, arneses, sistemas de seguridad, sensores y frenos.
La región fronteriza de Tamaulipas es esencial para la logística y el flujo de autopartes hacia Estados Unidos y otros mercados. La creación de clústeres logísticos y de cadenas de suministro en el estado ha potenciado la competitividad y eficiencia en la entrega de productos automotrices.
Tamaulipas es considerado la puerta logística de México, facilitando más del 33% del comercio internacional del país. Su infraestructura carretera y de puertos (Altamira y Tampico) permite una conexión eficiente con Norteamérica y otros destinos globales.
El estado participa con un 6.1% en la producción automotriz nacional, ubicándose entre los principales exportadores de autopartes y vehículos en México.
Empresas como Eaton, Magna, Valeo, Denso Ten, Inteva y Panasonic tienen operaciones en la región, lo que demuestra la confianza de la industria global en la capacidad productiva y logística de Tamaulipas.
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